Japanese Kana
Notes
- On repeated consonants, a smaller つ (ツ) is used: っ(ッ). ん(ン) is used when doubling n.
Long Vowels
- あ extends a sounds. い extends e and i. う extends o and u
- In katakana, vowels are extended with a dash: ー. When writing vertically, the dash is also vertical.
Particles
- は indicates the topic of a sentence and is pronounced wa when used as such.
- が is used similarly, but generally more when responding to a question.
- の indicates possession
- を indicates the direct object and is pronounced o when used as such.
- で indicates where the event described by the verb takes place.
- に indicates the goal of movement, or the time of an event.
- へ indicates the goal of movement, and is pronounced e when used as such.
- And many more...
Confusing Kana
| Set 1 | ぬ nu | め me |
| Set 2 | き ki | さ sa | ち chi | ら ra |
| Set 3 | ま ma | も mo | は ha | ほ ho | け ke |
| Set 4 | ね ne | れ re | わ wa |
| Set 1 | ク ku | ケ ke | タ ta | ヌ nu |
| Set 2 | ツ tsu | シ shi |
| Set 3 | ソ so | ン n | ノ no |